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lactic acid

 Lactic acid molecule

 

glycolic acid

 Glycolic acid molecule

α-Hydroxyacids (AHA) are weak organic acids found in fruits, plants and milk sugars.

For centuries, α-hydroxyacids have been one of the most commonly utilized peeling agents used to treat dry skin, acne, actinic damage and to improve skin color/texture.

AHAs are also reported to effectively treat pigmentary lesions such as solar lentigenes, melasma and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).

At low concentrations AHAs promotes exfoliation by decreasing corneocyte cohesion and stimulating new growth in the basal layer, while at higher concentrations AHAs promote epidermolysis and dispersed basal layer melanin.

The accelerated desquamation of the stratum corneum by AHAs is complemented by a direct inhibition of tyrosinase, without influencing mRNA or protein expression.

Lactic acid and glycolic acid are AHAs derived from sour milk and sugarcane juice, respectively.

 

 


 
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TYROSINASE INHIBITORS
Polyphenols
Benzaldehyde and Benzoate Derivatives
Gallic Acid and Derivatives
Long-Chain Lipids and Steroids

INHIBITORS OF MELANOSOMAL TRANSFER
Centaureidin and Methylophiopogonanone B
Niacinamide
PAR-2 Inhibitors
Lectins and Neoglycoproteins

ANTIOXIDANTS
Glutathione
Vitamin C
Alpha Tocopherol and Alpha Tocopherol Ferulate

ACCELERATORS OF EPIDERMAL TURNOVER AND DESQUAMATORS
α-Hydroxyacids
Salicylic Acid
Linoleic Acid
Retinoids

TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF MELANOGENIC ENZYMES
The MAPK Pathway
MC1R
cAMP Pathway and MITF

UV ABSORVERS (SUN SCREEN)

a-MSH BLOCKERS

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