The transcriptional level is the first stage by which the expression of tyrosinase and related melanogenic enzymes may be modulated.
It includes the MAPK Pathway, Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R), Microphthalmia Transcription Factor (MITF) and cAMP.
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TYROSINASE INHIBITORS
Polyphenols
Benzaldehyde and Benzoate Derivatives
Gallic Acid and Derivatives
Long-Chain Lipids and Steroids
INHIBITORS OF MELANOSOMAL TRANSFER
Centaureidin and Methylophiopogonanone B
Niacinamide
PAR-2 Inhibitors
Lectins and Neoglycoproteins
ANTIOXIDANTS
Glutathione
Vitamin C
Alpha Tocopherol and Alpha Tocopherol Ferulate
ACCELERATORS OF EPIDERMAL TURNOVER AND DESQUAMATORS
α-Hydroxyacids
Salicylic Acid
Linoleic Acid
Retinoids
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF MELANOGENIC ENZYMES
The MAPK Pathway
MC1R
cAMP Pathway and MITF
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